selva86.github.io/Combining-ggplot2-with-plotly.html at master · selva86/selva86.github.io · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>ggplot2 + plotly: Add Hover Tooltips and Zoom to Any Chart in One Line</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="Description" content="ggplotly() wraps any ggplot2 chart in an interactive plotly widget. Learn to customise tooltips, control hover modes, handle geom gotchas, and embed in reports.">
    <meta name="Keywords" content="ggplotly, ggplot2 plotly, interactive ggplot2, ggplotly tooltip, plotly hover R, ggplot2 interactive chart, ggplotly zoom, plotly layout R, ggplotly customize, plotly R tutorial">
    <meta name="Distribution" content="Global">
    <meta name="Author" content="Selva Prabhakaran">
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      html.dark .nav-sub h6{color:#7a808c}
      @media (max-width: 768px){.nav-dropdown-panel{min-width:220px;left:auto;right:0}.nav-sub{position:static;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:6px 0 6px 16px}.nav-cat::after{content:''}}
      html.dark .masthead-search input{background:#14161a;border-color:#262a31;color:#e8eaee}
      html.dark .masthead-search input:focus{border-color:#92a4d8;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(146,164,216,0.15)}
      html.dark .masthead-icon-btn{color:#b0b5bf}
      html.dark .masthead-icon-btn:hover{background:#1a1d22;color:#e8eaee}
      hr{height:0;box-sizing:content-box;border:0;border-top:1px solid #eee}
      .img-zoomable{cursor:zoom-in;transition:opacity .15s}
      .img-lightbox{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:10001;background:rgba(0,0,0,.85);cursor:zoom-out;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
      .img-lightbox.open{display:flex}
      .img-lightbox img{max-width:95vw;max-height:95vh;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}
      /* CLS prevention: sidebar component styles (match main.css final state) */
      .sidebar-menu{margin:0;padding:0}
      .sidebar-tabs{display:flex;gap:0;margin:4px 0 0;border-bottom:1px solid #d8dce2}
      .sidebar-tab{flex:1;padding:9px 12px 8px;border:none;background:transparent;font:600 13px 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;color:#757a87;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;margin-bottom:-1px;transition:color 0.15s,border-color 0.15s}
      .sidebar-tab.active{color:#1d3158;border-bottom-color:#1d3158}
      .sidebar-panel{display:none;padding-top:10px}
      .sidebar-panel.active{display:block}
      .sidebar-tools-list{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}
      .sidebar-tools-list li a{display:block;padding:5px 10px 5px 24px;font-size:14px;color:#495057;text-decoration:none;border-left:2px solid transparent;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0}
      .sidebar-section-header{padding:7px 12px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#212529;cursor:pointer;border-radius:4px}
      .sidebar-chevron{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;margin-right:4px;color:#757575}
      .sidebar-section-items{display:none;padding-left:0;margin:2px 0 6px}
      .sidebar-section.expanded .sidebar-section-items{display:block}
      .sidebar-section-items li{line-height:1.5}
      .sidebar-section-items li a{display:block;padding:4px 10px 4px 32px;font-size:14px;color:#495057;text-decoration:none;border-left:2px solid transparent;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0}
      .sidebar-divider{margin:12px 0 2px;padding:0 12px 4px 24px;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9ca3af;border-bottom:1px solid #f0f2f5;list-style:none}
      .sidebar-divider:first-child{margin-top:4px}
      .progress-dot{display:inline-block;width:10px;height:10px;border-radius:50%;border:1.5px solid #d1d5db;margin-right:7px;vertical-align:middle;flex-shrink:0;position:relative}
      /* Empty progress-dot (no status class) reads as an unchecked todo /
         disabled radio next to every sidebar item — visual noise that doesn't
         belong in a nav. Reserve the layout slot but hide the circle until
         the item actually has progress. visibility:hidden (not display:none)
         keeps the width stable when state flips. */
      .progress-dot:not(.started):not(.visited):not(.completed){visibility:hidden}
      /* CLS prevention: TOC sidebar matches main.css final state */
      #toc-wrapper{position:sticky;top:20px;max-height:calc(100vh - 40px);overflow-y:auto;padding-left:14px;border-left:1px solid #e9ecef}
      .toc-title{font-size:11px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.8px;color:#6c757d;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:0}
      #toc{margin:0;padding:0}
      #toc li{line-height:1.45;margin-bottom:1px}
      #toc li a{font-size:13.5px;color:#6c757d;text-decoration:none;display:block;padding:3px 0;border-left:2px solid transparent;padding-left:8px;margin-left:-15px}
      #toc li a.toc-active{color:#1d3158;font-weight:600;border-left-color:#1d3158}
      /* CLS prevention: engagement strip layout (matches engagement.css) */
      .engagement-header{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px 10px;font-family:'Inter',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-size:12px;color:#64748b;letter-spacing:0.01em;margin:0.4em 0 1em;min-height:22px}
      .engagement-header:empty{display:none}
      /* CLS prevention: progress bar space (matches engagement.css) */
      .engagement-progress{min-height:32px;margin:1.2em 0 1.6em}
      /* CLS prevention: WebR editor min-height so the static→textarea swap doesn't shift layout */
      .webr-editor{min-height:60px}
      /* CLS prevention: images in content always reserve aspect ratio */
      #content img{max-width:100%;height:auto}

      /* =====================================================
         LAYOUT V2 (opt-in via body.layout-v2). Retry 2026-05-29.
         Differences from the first attempt:
           1. Sidebar columns use clamp(180px, 16vw, 260px) so they
              SHRINK on narrow viewports (first attempt used minmax
              which pinned both sides at 260px, squeezing content on
              typical laptops to ~460px).
           2. Sidebar links get overflow-wrap so long tutorial titles
              don't escape the narrower column.
           3. min-width:0 on every grid child so they can shrink.
           4. Right TOC breakpoint raised from 1100px -> 1280px so it
              only shows when the viewport can actually afford it.
           5. The inline-code background restyle is dropped - kept
              current syntax-highlighter behavior.
         All rules scoped under body.layout-v2 so pages without it
         render identically.
         ===================================================== */
      body.layout-v2{
        --lv2-bg:#f8f9fb;--lv2-card:#fff;--lv2-ink:#0d1117;
        --lv2-mut:#4b5260;--lv2-faint:#5b6573;
        --lv2-navy:#1c2c4f;--lv2-navy-h:#2d4173;--lv2-navy-soft:#eef1f7;
        --lv2-accent:#2056d2;--lv2-accent-soft:#e9efff;
        --lv2-line:#e4e7ee;--lv2-border:#d4d9e3;
        --lv2-green:#15803d;
        background:var(--lv2-bg);color:var(--lv2-ink);
      }
      html.dark body.layout-v2{
        --lv2-bg:#0a0f1c;--lv2-card:#0f1525;--lv2-ink:#eef2fa;
        --lv2-mut:#a5afc4;--lv2-faint:#9aa6c0;
        --lv2-navy:#5170b3;--lv2-navy-h:#6587c4;--lv2-navy-soft:#192240;
        --lv2-accent:#7faaff;--lv2-accent-soft:#1a2748;
        --lv2-line:#1f2a48;--lv2-border:#2c3a62;
      }

      /* Wider container; clamp-based grid that scales with viewport.
         width:auto is REQUIRED because the base critical CSS has
         @media(min-width:1200px){.container{width:1170px}} which would
         otherwise pin width to 1170 and ignore max-width:1340. */
      body.layout-v2 .container{max-width:1340px;width:auto;padding:0 22px}
      body.layout-v2 .site-masthead-inner{max-width:1340px}
      /* The legacy .site-masthead has margin:0 -15px to cancel the
         Bootstrap .container padding of 15px. Under layout-v2 the
         container padding is 22px, so the negative margin leaves a
         7px inset. Zero it so the masthead aligns flush with the
         article shell. */
      body.layout-v2 .site-masthead{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}
      body.layout-v2 .row{
        display:grid;
        grid-template-columns:
          clamp(180px, 16vw, 260px)
          minmax(0, 1fr)
          clamp(180px, 16vw, 260px);
        gap:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;
      }
      /* Bootstrap inserts .row::before AND .row::after pseudo-elements
         (content:" "; display:table) as a clearfix. Under display:grid
         these pseudos count as grid items. ::before grabs col 1, pushing
         every real child one column to the right and wrapping the last
         child to a new row. The 2026-05-29 first attempt only disabled
         ::after, resulting in nav in col 2, content in col 3, and toc
         wrapping to a new row at col 1 (the bug the user reported as
         "sidebar wide, content narrow"). BOTH pseudos must be killed. */
      body.layout-v2 .row::before,
      body.layout-v2 .row::after{display:none;content:none}
      /* min-width:0 lets grid children shrink below their content's
         intrinsic min-width; without this, long unbreakable text in any
         child forces the column wider than the grid template intended. */
      /* Drop Bootstrap's float and width on the legacy .col-sm-* hooks
         so the parent .row's CSS grid owns sizing. DO NOT zero horizontal
         padding here — per-column padding lives in the dedicated rules
         below (sidebar, main#content, #toc-sidebar) and gives the article
         the 44px breathing room the mock has. */
      body.layout-v2 #nav.col-sm-3,
      body.layout-v2 main#content.col-sm-7,
      body.layout-v2 #toc-sidebar.col-sm-2{
        width:auto!important;float:none!important;
        min-width:0;min-height:0;
      }
      body.layout-v2 #nav.col-sm-3{
        padding:14px 10px 40px;border-right:1px solid var(--lv2-line);
        position:sticky;top:60px;height:calc(100vh - 60px);overflow-y:auto;
      }
      /* Inner #sidebar-nav had its own sticky + overflow from the legacy critical
         CSS; under layout-v2 the outer #nav owns scrolling, so flatten the inner
         one to avoid a double scrollbar. */
      body.layout-v2 #sidebar-nav{
        position:static;max-height:none;overflow:visible;padding:0;
      }
      /* Wrap long tutorial titles in the sidebar so they never overflow */
      body.layout-v2 #nav a,
      body.layout-v2 #nav span,
      body.layout-v2 #sidebar-nav a,
      body.layout-v2 #sidebar-nav li{
        overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;
      }
      body.layout-v2 main#content{padding:24px 44px 60px}

      /* S3 — Code-block bottom spacing.
         Default .webr-container margin is 22/22; the dark block visually
         carries a lot of weight, so the next paragraph reads as cramped.
         Lift bottom to 30px under layout-v2. */
      body.layout-v2 #content .webr-container{margin-bottom:30px}

      /* S7 — Further Reading: convert auto-injected <ul> to a 2-column
         card grid that matches the .rt-grid pattern used elsewhere.
         No HTML/auto_link.py changes needed — pure CSS. */
      body.layout-v2 #content #auto-further-reading .further-reading-list{
        list-style:none;padding:0;margin:14px 0 0;
        display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;
      }
      body.layout-v2 #content #auto-further-reading .further-reading-list li{margin:0}
      body.layout-v2 #content #auto-further-reading .further-reading-list li a{
        display:block;padding:14px 16px;
        background:var(--lv2-card);border:1px solid var(--lv2-border);
        border-radius:8px;color:var(--lv2-ink);
        font-weight:500;font-size:15px;line-height:1.4;
        text-decoration:none;
        transition:border-color .15s,background .15s,transform .15s;
      }
      body.layout-v2 #content #auto-further-reading .further-reading-list li a:hover{
        border-color:var(--lv2-accent);background:var(--lv2-accent-soft);
        text-decoration:none;transform:translateY(-1px);
      }
      @media(max-width:820px){
        body.layout-v2 #content #auto-further-reading .further-reading-list{
          grid-template-columns:1fr;
        }
      }
      body.layout-v2 #toc-sidebar{padding:24px 18px;position:sticky;top:74px;align-self:start}
      @media(max-width:1280px){
        body.layout-v2 .row{grid-template-columns:clamp(180px, 18vw, 260px) minmax(0,1fr)}
        body.layout-v2 #toc-sidebar{display:none}
      }
      @media(max-width:820px){
        body.layout-v2 .row{grid-template-columns:1fr}
        body.layout-v2 #nav{display:none}
        body.layout-v2 main#content{padding:20px}
      }

      /* Typography refresh - sized to mock spec */
      body.layout-v2 #content{
        font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--lv2-ink);
        font-feature-settings:"tnum","ss01","cv11";text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
      }
      body.layout-v2 #content p{line-height:1.7;margin:13px 0;color:var(--lv2-ink);text-wrap:pretty}
      body.layout-v2 #content h1{
        font-size:38px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-0.018em;
        margin:10px 0 13px;text-wrap:balance;color:var(--lv2-ink);
      }
      /* H2: hairline divider + breathing room above. Mock breaks each
         section with a top rule and ~48px space; staging used 34px and no
         divider, leaving sections to blur together. :first-of-type keeps
         the very first H2 flush with the actionbar (no double divider). */
      body.layout-v2 #content h2{
        font-size:25px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-0.018em;
        margin:48px 0 12px;padding-top:32px;border-top:1px solid var(--lv2-line);
        text-wrap:balance;color:var(--lv2-ink);
      }
      body.layout-v2 #content h2:first-of-type{
        margin-top:24px;padding-top:0;border-top:none;
      }
      body.layout-v2 #content h3,body.layout-v2 #content h4{
        font-size:18px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;margin:24px 0 8px;text-wrap:balance;color:var(--lv2-ink);
      }
      /* Specificity bump: `body.layout-v2 #content p` (1 id + 1 class
         + 2 elements) was beating `body.layout-v2 p.lead` (2 classes +
         2 elements) and forcing the dek to var(--lv2-ink) instead of
         var(--lv2-mut). Adding #content here matches that specificity. */
      body.layout-v2 #content p.lead{
        font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--lv2-mut);
        border-left:3px solid var(--lv2-navy);padding-left:17px;margin:-2px 0 20px;font-weight:400;
      }

      /* Body link color: legacy a{color:#1d3158} and Bootstrap .text-muted
         leave inline links almost indistinguishable from body text. Use
         the mock accent so links are obviously clickable. Excludes
         buttons, cards, prev/next nav, and TOC items which have their
         own palette. */
      body.layout-v2 #content a:not(.btn):not(.rt-card):not(.pn-link):not(.lv2-anchor):not([class*="toc"]){
        color:var(--lv2-accent);
      }
      body.layout-v2 #content a:not(.btn):not(.rt-card):not(.pn-link):not(.lv2-anchor):not([class*="toc"]):hover{
        text-decoration:underline;
      }

      /* Inline <code> palette: match the mock's navy-soft tint instead
         of the legacy purple-blue (#eef vs #eef1f7). */
      body.layout-v2 #content :not(pre) > code{
        background:var(--lv2-navy-soft);color:var(--lv2-ink);
        border-radius:4px;padding:2px 5px;font-size:0.92em;
      }

      /* TOC right rail */
      body.layout-v2 #toc-sidebar .toc-title{font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--lv2-faint);margin-bottom:9px}
      body.layout-v2 #toc{font-size:13px}
      body.layout-v2 #toc li{margin:0;line-height:1.45}
      body.layout-v2 #toc li a{
        display:block;padding:5px 0 5px 11px;
        border-left:2px solid var(--lv2-line);
        color:var(--lv2-faint);font-size:13px;
        transition:color .15s,border-color .15s;
      }
      body.layout-v2 #toc li a:hover{color:var(--lv2-ink)}
      body.layout-v2 #toc li a.toc-active{
        border-left-color:var(--lv2-navy);color:var(--lv2-ink);font-weight:600;
      }

      /* Reading progress bar - uses transform:scaleX so we don't fight any
         containing-block / overflow quirks that can pin a width-% bar to 0. */
      .lv2-progress{
        position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100vw;height:3px;
        background:var(--lv2-accent,#2056d2);z-index:90;
        transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left center;
        transition:transform .1s ease-out;pointer-events:none;
      }

      /* Heading anchor links (hover-reveal) */
      body.layout-v2 #content h2,
      body.layout-v2 #content h3,
      body.layout-v2 #content h4{position:relative}
      body.layout-v2 .lv2-anchor{
        position:absolute;left:-26px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);
        font-size:.55em;color:var(--lv2-faint);text-decoration:none;
        opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s,color .15s;
        cursor:pointer;padding:4px 6px;line-height:1;font-weight:400;
      }
      body.layout-v2 #content h2:hover .lv2-anchor,
      body.layout-v2 #content h3:hover .lv2-anchor,
      body.layout-v2 #content h4:hover .lv2-anchor,
      body.layout-v2 .lv2-anchor:focus-visible{opacity:1}
      body.layout-v2 .lv2-anchor:hover{color:var(--lv2-accent)}
      @media(max-width:820px){body.layout-v2 .lv2-anchor{left:0;top:-22px;transform:none}}

      /* Focus ring refresh */
      body.layout-v2 a:focus-visible,
      body.layout-v2 button:focus-visible,
      body.layout-v2 input:focus-visible,
      body.layout-v2 textarea:focus-visible{
        outline:none;
        box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(32,86,210,.22);
        border-radius:4px;
      }
      html.dark body.layout-v2 a:focus-visible,
      html.dark body.layout-v2 button:focus-visible,
      html.dark body.layout-v2 input:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(127,170,255,.22)}

      /* Reduced motion: shut everything down for users who request it */
      @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){
        body.layout-v2 *,body.layout-v2 *::before,body.layout-v2 *::after{
          animation-duration:0.01ms!important;
          animation-iteration-count:1!important;
          transition-duration:0.01ms!important;
          scroll-behavior:auto!important;
        }
      }
    </style>
    <!-- Full Bootstrap deferred (non-render-blocking) -->
    <link href="www/bootstrap.min.css?h=dae0a568" rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">
    <noscript><link href="www/bootstrap.min.css?h=dae0a568" rel="stylesheet"></noscript>
    <link href="www/highlight.min.css?h=f103014a" rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">
    <link href="css/main.min.css?h=5ca8bbcb" rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">
    <noscript><link href="css/main.min.css?h=5ca8bbcb" rel="stylesheet"></noscript>
    <style>
      a{color:#1d3158}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
      li{line-height:1.65}
      .MathJax_Display{margin:0}
      blockquote p{line-height:1.75;color:#717171}
      /* engagement.js renders a meta strip into .engagement-header that
         duplicates the byline (difficulty + time). Hide it; saved-posts-
         button.js reads the data-* attrs directly for the byline. */
      .engagement-header{display:none!important}
      /* Byline (saved-posts widget rebuilds this after H1+lead, mock-style) */
      .byline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;
        font-size:13.5px;color:#4b5260;margin:6px 0 16px;line-height:1.5}
      /* P1 — bump avatar 26→30 to match mock visual weight. */
      .byline .av-sm{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;
        background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1c2c4f,#2d4173);color:#fff;
        display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;
        font-weight:700;font-size:12px;flex:none;letter-spacing:.02em}
      .byline .who{color:#0d1117;font-weight:600}
      .byline .dot{color:#c0c5cf}
      .byline .rev{color:#137a3e;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:4px}
      .byline .time{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;color:#6b7280}
      .byline .diff{font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;
        letter-spacing:.05em;background:#eef1f7;color:#4b5260;
        padding:3px 8px;border-radius:999px;margin-left:2px}

      /* Action bar (saved-posts widget injects this after byline) */
      .actionbar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin:10px 0 26px;padding:12px 0;
        border-top:1px solid #e4e7ee;border-bottom:1px solid #e4e7ee;flex-wrap:wrap}
      .actionbar .act{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;border:1px solid #d4d9e3;
        background:#fff;border-radius:9px;padding:7px 12px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;
        color:#4b5260;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;
        transition:border-color .15s,color .15s,background .15s}
      .actionbar .act:hover{border-color:#0a0d14;color:#0a0d14}
      .actionbar .act.bookmark-btn[data-saved="1"]{background:#fef3c7;border-color:#f59e0b;color:#92400e}
      .actionbar .act.bookmark-btn[data-saved="1"] svg{fill:#f59e0b}
      .actionbar .act:disabled{opacity:.55;cursor:wait}
      .actionbar-sync{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;color:#6b7280}
      .actionbar-sync a{color:#2056d2;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}
      .actionbar-sync a:hover{text-decoration:underline}

      /* Dark-mode overrides for byline + actionbar. The hard-coded #0d1117
         on .who renders invisible on the dark background; the action-bar
         borders and surfaces also need to flip. Tokens (--lv2-ink, --lv2-mut,
         --lv2-line, --lv2-card) already swap under html.dark body.layout-v2;
         we just need to point the hard-coded rules at them under dark. */
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .byline{color:var(--lv2-mut)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .byline .who{color:var(--lv2-ink)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .byline .dot{color:var(--lv2-faint)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .byline .time{color:var(--lv2-mut)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .byline .diff{background:var(--lv2-navy-soft);color:var(--lv2-mut)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .actionbar{border-top-color:var(--lv2-line);border-bottom-color:var(--lv2-line)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .actionbar .act{background:var(--lv2-card);border-color:var(--lv2-border);color:var(--lv2-mut)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .actionbar .act:hover{border-color:var(--lv2-ink);color:var(--lv2-ink)}
      html.dark body.layout-v2 .actionbar-sync{color:var(--lv2-mut)}

      /* Toast (Share button "Link copied" feedback) */
      .rs-toast{position:fixed;bottom:24px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(8px);
        background:#0a0d14;color:#fff;padding:9px 18px;border-radius:8px;font-size:13px;
        font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;z-index:1000;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;
        transition:opacity .2s,transform .2s;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(10,13,20,.25)}
      .rs-toast.show{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}
      /* Auth-state visibility helpers (used by masthead variants) */
      .auth-anon,.auth-user{display:none}
      body.state-anon .auth-anon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}
      body.state-pro .auth-user{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}
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data-subkey="sec2sub3"><a href="/Violin-Plot-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Violin Plot</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub3"><a href="/Ridgeline-Plot-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Ridgeline Plot</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub3"><a href="/Lollipop-Chart-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Lollipop Chart</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec2sub4" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Relationships</li><li data-subkey="sec2sub4"><a href="/Bubble-Chart-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Bubble Chart</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub4"><a href="/Heatmap-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Heatmap in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub4"><a href="/Correlation-Matrix-Plot-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Correlation Matrix</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec2sub5" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Advanced Charts</li><li data-subkey="sec2sub5"><a href="/Pie-Donut-Chart-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Pie &amp; Donut Chart</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub5"><a href="/Treemap-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Treemap</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub5"><a href="/Waffle-Chart-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Waffle Chart</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec2sub6" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Exploratory Analysis</li><li data-subkey="sec2sub6"><a href="/Exploratory-Data-Analysis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>EDA (7-Step Framework)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub6"><a href="/Univariate-EDA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Univariate EDA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub6"><a href="/Bivariate-EDA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Bivariate EDA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub6"><a href="/Descriptive-Statistics-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Descriptive Statistics</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub6"><a href="/Correlation-Analysis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Correlation Analysis</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec2sub7" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Interactive &amp; Maps</li><li data-subkey="sec2sub7"><a href="/Combining-ggplot2-with-plotly.html" class="active"><span class="progress-dot"></span>ggplot2 + plotly Interactive</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub7"><a href="/Interactive-Maps-in-R-with-leaflet.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Leaflet Interactive Maps</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub7"><a href="/Spatial-Data-in-R-with-sf.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Spatial Data (sf)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec2sub7"><a href="/Choropleth-Maps-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Choropleth Maps (sf)</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider 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class="sidebar-chevron">&#9656;</span> Statistics<span class="section-meta" data-section-meta></span></div><ul class="sidebar-section-items list-unstyled"><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec3sub1" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> EDA &amp; Data Quality</li><li data-subkey="sec3sub1"><a href="/Automated-EDA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Automated EDA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub1"><a href="/Missing-Data-Visualization-in-R-naniar.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Missing Data Viz (naniar)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub1"><a href="/Outlier-Detection-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Outlier Detection</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec3sub2" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Probability</li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Sample-Spaces-Events-and-Probability-Axioms-in-R-With-Monte-Carlo-Proof.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Probability Axioms</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Conditional-Probability-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Conditional Probability</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Random-Variables-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Random Variables</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Binomial-and-Poisson-Distributions-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Binomial vs Poisson</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Normal-t-F-and-Chi-Squared-Distributions-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Normal, t, F, Chi-Squared</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Central-Limit-Theorem-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Central Limit Theorem</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Sampling-Distributions-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Sampling Distributions</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Law-of-Large-Numbers-vs-CLT-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>LLN vs CLT</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/What-Is-Probability-Simulation-First-Intuition-in-R-Before-the-Formulas.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Probability (Simulation-First)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub2"><a href="/Expected-Value-and-Variance-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Expected Value and Variance</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec3sub3" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Inference &amp; Estimation</li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Maximum-Likelihood-Estimation-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Maximum Likelihood Estimation</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Hypothesis-Testing-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Hypothesis Testing</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Sample-Size-Planning-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Sample Size Planning</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Which-Statistical-Test-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Choosing the Right Test</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Statistical-Tests-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Statistical Tests</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Measures-of-Association-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Measures of Association</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Point-Estimation-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Point Estimation</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Confidence-Intervals-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Confidence Intervals</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Type-I-and-Type-II-Errors-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Type I and II Errors</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Statistical-Power-Analysis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Power Analysis</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Effect-Size-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Effect Size</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/t-Tests-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>t-Tests</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Proportion-Tests-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Proportion Tests</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Normality-and-Variance-Tests-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Normality &amp; Variance Tests</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Chi-Square-Tests-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Chi-Square Tests</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-and-Kruskal-Wallis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney &amp; Kruskal-Wallis</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Multiple-Comparisons-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Multiple Testing Correction</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub3"><a href="/Hypothesis-Testing-Exercises-in-R-quiz.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Hypothesis Testing Quiz</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec3sub4" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Regression</li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/Linear-Regression.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Linear Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/Logistic-Regression-With-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Logistic Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/Variable-Selection-and-Importance-With-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Feature Selection</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/Model-Selection-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Model Selection</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/Missing-Value-Treatment-With-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Missing Value Treatment</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/Outlier-Treatment-With-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Outlier Analysis</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/adv-regression-models.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Advanced Regression Models</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub4"><a href="/Linear-Regression-Exercises-in-R-quiz.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Linear Regression Quiz</a></li><li class="sidebar-divider sidebar-subsection-toggle" data-subkey="sec3sub5" data-collapsed="false"><span class="subsec-chevron">&#9660;</span> Reporting</li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Statistical-Consulting-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Statistical Consulting</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Statistical-Report-Writing-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Statistical Report Writing</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Bootstrap-Confidence-Intervals-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Bootstrap Confidence Intervals</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Reporting-Statistics-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Reporting Statistics</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Correlation-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Correlation (Pearson, Spearman, Kendall)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Linear-Regression-Assumptions-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Linear Regression Assumptions</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Dummy-Variables-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Dummy Variables in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Interaction-Effects-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Interaction Effects</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Regression-Diagnostics-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Regression Diagnostics</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Logistic-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Logistic Regression (glm + ROC)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Variable-Selection-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Variable Selection</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Poisson-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Poisson Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Ridge-and-Lasso-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Ridge &amp; Lasso Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Polynomial-and-Spline-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Polynomial &amp; Splines</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Regression-Tables-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Regression Tables (3 packages)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/One-Way-ANOVA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>One-Way ANOVA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Post-Hoc-Tests-After-ANOVA.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Post-Hoc Tests After ANOVA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Two-Way-ANOVA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Two-Way ANOVA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Repeated-Measures-ANOVA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Repeated Measures ANOVA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/ANCOVA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>ANCOVA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Experimental-Design-Principles-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Experimental Design in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Factorial-Experiments-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Factorial Designs (2^k)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/AB-Testing-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>A/B Testing</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/MANOVA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>MANOVA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Mixed-ANOVA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Mixed ANOVA</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Multivariate-Statistics-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Multivariate Distances &amp; Hotelling's T²</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/PCA-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>PCA with prcomp()</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Interpreting-PCA-Results-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Interpreting PCA Output</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Exploratory-Factor-Analysis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Exploratory Factor Analysis</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/CFA-and-Structural-Equation-Modeling-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>SEM and CFA (lavaan)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Linear-Discriminant-Analysis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Cluster-Analysis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Clustering (k-Means / HC / DBSCAN)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Correspondence-Analysis-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Correspondence Analysis</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/t-SNE-and-UMAP-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>t-SNE and UMAP</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Simple-Linear-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Simple Linear Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Multiple-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Multiple Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Robust-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Robust Regression (rlm)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/factoextra-and-FactoMineR.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>factoextra (PCA + Clusters)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Categorical-Data-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Categorical Data (Tables &amp; Mosaic)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Chi-Square-Test-of-Independence-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Chi-Square Test of Independence</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Chi-Square-Goodness-of-Fit-Test-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Fishers-Exact-Test-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Fisher's Exact Test</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Odds-Ratios-and-Relative-Risk-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Odds Ratios &amp; Relative Risk</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Logistic-Regression-in-R-2.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Logistic Regression (Diagnostics)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Poisson-and-Negative-Binomial-Regression.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Poisson &amp; Negative Binomial Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Multinomial-and-Ordinal-Logistic-Regression-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Multinomial &amp; Ordinal Logistic Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/When-to-Use-Nonparametric-Tests-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>When to Use Nonparametric Tests</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank-Test-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Mann-Whitney-U-Test-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Mann-Whitney U Test</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Kruskal-Wallis-Test-in-R-2.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Kruskal-Wallis Test</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Friedman-Test-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Friedman Test</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Spearman-and-Kendall-Correlation-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Spearman &amp; Kendall Correlation</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Bootstrap-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Bootstrap (boot package)</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Quantile-Regression-in-R-2.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Quantile Regression</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Matrix-Operations-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Matrix Operations in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Solving-Linear-Systems-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Solving Linear Systems in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Eigenvalues-and-Eigenvectors-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Eigenvalues &amp; Eigenvectors in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Singular-Value-Decomposition-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Singular Value Decomposition in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Projections-and-the-Hat-Matrix-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Projections &amp; the Hat Matrix</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/QR-Decomposition-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>QR Decomposition in R</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a href="/Quadratic-Forms-in-R.html"><span class="progress-dot"></span>Quadratic Forms</a></li><li data-subkey="sec3sub5"><a 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          <nav class="breadcrumb-nav" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> <span class="breadcrumb-sep">&rsaquo;</span> <span>Visualization</span> <span class="breadcrumb-sep">&rsaquo;</span> <span class="breadcrumb-current">ggplot2 + plotly: Add Hover Tooltips and Zoom to Any Chart in One Line</span></nav>
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<h1>ggplot2 + plotly: Add Hover Tooltips and Zoom to Any Chart in One Line</h1>

<p class="lead"><code>ggplotly()</code> converts any ggplot2 chart into an interactive plotly widget with hover tooltips, zoom, pan, and click-to-filter, in a single function call.</p>
<div class="post-byline" style="color:#6b7280;font-size:14px;margin:2px 0 18px 0;line-height:1.5;">By <strong>Selva Prabhakaran</strong> &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; Published May 12, 2026 &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; Last updated May 12, 2026</div>

<div class="engagement-header" data-difficulty="Intermediate" data-time="40" data-exercises="10" data-xp="150"></div>

<h2>How Does ggplotly() Turn a Static Chart Interactive?</h2>

<p>You have a polished <a class="auto-link" href="ggplot2-geom_point-in-R.html" title="ggplot2 geom_point() in R: Scatter Plots With Examples">ggplot2 scatter plot</a> and your stakeholder asks "can I hover over the points to see which car that is?" With base ggplot2, the answer is a flat PNG. With plotly, the answer is one function call. <code>ggplotly()</code> reads every aesthetic, axis, and layer from your ggplot object and rebuilds it as a JavaScript widget the reader can explore.</p>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Build a static mpg scatter">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Build a static mpg scatter</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">library</span>(ggplot2)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">library</span>(plotly)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">library</span>(htmlwidgets)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">library</span>(tidyr)</span>
<span class="cl">p <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> displ, y <span class="o">=</span> hwy, color <span class="o">=</span> class)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>(size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2</span>) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">labs</span>(title <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Engine Size vs Highway Mileage&quot;</span>,</span>
<span class="cl">       x <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Displacement (L)&quot;</span>, y <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Highway MPG&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl">p</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; A scatter plot with 234 points colored by vehicle class</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Larger engines cluster at lower highway MPG</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>

<p>That static chart already tells a story. Now make it interactive with a single line.</p>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Convert ggplot to interactive">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Convert ggplot to interactive</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(p)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; An interactive plotly widget:</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   - Hover over any point to see class, displ, and hwy</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   - Click-drag to zoom into a region</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   - Double-click to reset the view</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   - Click legend entries to show/hide a class</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
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</div>

<p>Every aesthetic you mapped in ggplot2, colour, size, shape, carries over. The tooltip shows those mapped values by default, and the toolbar in the top-right corner lets users zoom, pan, and download the chart as a PNG.</p>

<div class="callout callout-note"><div class="callout-label">Note</div><div class="callout-body"><strong>Interactive plotly output renders in RStudio and HTML documents, not in the browser code runner.</strong> The code blocks here run the R code and show text output. Copy the code into RStudio or an R Markdown document to see the full interactive chart with hover, zoom, and click features.</div></div>

<section class="tryit-block">
<p><strong>Try it:</strong> Build a bar chart counting the number of cars per <code>class</code> in <code>mpg</code> using <code>geom_bar()</code>, then convert it with <code>ggplotly()</code>.</p>
<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Exercise: interactive bar chart">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Exercise: interactive bar chart</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># Try it: bar chart → interactive</span></span>
<span class="cl">ex_bar <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> class)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_bar</span>(fill <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;steelblue&quot;</span>) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">labs</span>(title <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Cars by Class&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1"># Convert to interactive:</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1"># your code here</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Click to reveal solution</summary>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Exercise solution">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Exercise solution</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">ex_bar <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> class)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_bar</span>(fill <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;steelblue&quot;</span>) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">labs</span>(title <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Cars by Class&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(ex_bar)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Interactive bar chart, hover over each bar to see the count</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>

<p><strong>Explanation:</strong> <code>ggplotly()</code> works on any ggplot2 object, including bar charts. Hover shows the x category and count.</p>

</details>
</section>

<h2>How Do You Control What Appears in the Tooltip?</h2>

<p>By default, <code>ggplotly()</code> shows every mapped aesthetic in the tooltip, x, y, colour, size, and anything else in <code>aes()</code>. That's often too much. The <code>tooltip</code> argument lets you pick exactly which aesthetics appear.</p>

<p>Let's start by limiting the tooltip to just the x and y values.</p>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Limit tooltip to x and y">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Limit tooltip to x and y</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">p2 <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> displ, y <span class="o">=</span> hwy, color <span class="o">=</span> class)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>(size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2</span>) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">labs</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Displacement (L)&quot;</span>, y <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Highway MPG&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(p2, tooltip <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">c</span>(<span class="s">&quot;x&quot;</span>, <span class="s">&quot;y&quot;</span>))</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Tooltip now shows only:</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   Displacement (L): 1.8</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   Highway MPG: 29</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>

<p>That cleans up the hover, but sometimes you want a completely custom label, the car's manufacturer and model, plus formatted numbers. The <code>text</code> aesthetic is your tool for that.</p>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Build custom tooltip with paste">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Build custom tooltip with paste</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">p3 <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> displ, y <span class="o">=</span> hwy, color <span class="o">=</span> class,</span>
<span class="cl">                       text <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">paste</span>(<span class="s">&quot;Model:&quot;</span>, manufacturer, model,</span>
<span class="cl">                                    <span class="s">&quot;\nYear:&quot;</span>, year,</span>
<span class="cl">                                    <span class="s">&quot;\nMPG:&quot;</span>, hwy))) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>(size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2</span>) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">labs</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Displacement (L)&quot;</span>, y <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Highway MPG&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(p3, tooltip <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;text&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Tooltip now shows:</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   Model: audi a4</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   Year: 1999</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt;   MPG: 29</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>

<p>When you set <code>tooltip = &quot;text&quot;</code>, plotly ignores all the default aesthetics and only shows your custom label. This gives you full control over what readers see on hover.</p>

<div class="callout callout-tip"><div class="callout-label">Tip</div><div class="callout-body"><strong>Use HTML tags inside the text aesthetic for rich formatting.</strong> plotly renders a subset of HTML, <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> for bold, <code>&lt;br&gt;</code> for line breaks, <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> for italic. Write <code>paste0(&quot;&lt;b&gt;&quot;, manufacturer, &quot;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;MPG: &quot;, hwy)</code> for a polished tooltip.</div></div>

<p>Let's try HTML-formatted tooltips for a cleaner look.</p>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Format tooltip with HTML tags">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Format tooltip with HTML tags</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">p4 <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> displ, y <span class="o">=</span> hwy, color <span class="o">=</span> class,</span>
<span class="cl">                       text <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">paste0</span>(<span class="s">&quot;&lt;b&gt;&quot;</span>, manufacturer, <span class="s">&quot; &quot;</span>, model, <span class="s">&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&quot;</span>,</span>
<span class="cl">                                     <span class="s">&quot;&lt;br&gt;Engine: &quot;</span>, displ, <span class="s">&quot;L&quot;</span>,</span>
<span class="cl">                                     <span class="s">&quot;&lt;br&gt;Highway: &quot;</span>, hwy, <span class="s">&quot; mpg&quot;</span>,</span>
<span class="cl">                                     <span class="s">&quot;&lt;br&gt;City: &quot;</span>, cty, <span class="s">&quot; mpg&quot;</span>))) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>(size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2</span>) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">labs</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Displacement (L)&quot;</span>, y <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Highway MPG&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(p4, tooltip <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;text&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Tooltip now renders with bold model name and clean line breaks</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>

<p>The HTML approach makes tooltips readable even when you pack four or five fields into them.</p>

<section class="tryit-block">
<p><strong>Try it:</strong> Using the <code>iris</code> dataset, create a scatter plot of <code>Sepal.Length</code> vs <code>Petal.Length</code> coloured by <code>Species</code>. Build a custom tooltip showing the species name and petal length. Show only that tooltip.</p>
<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Exercise: formatted iris tooltip">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Exercise: formatted iris tooltip</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># Try it: custom tooltip with iris</span></span>
<span class="cl">ex_iris <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(iris, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> Sepal.Length, y <span class="o">=</span> Petal.Length, color <span class="o">=</span> Species,</span>
<span class="cl">                            text <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;your tooltip here&quot;</span>)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>()</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1"># Convert with tooltip = &quot;text&quot;:</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1"># your code here</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Click to reveal solution</summary>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Exercise solution">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Exercise solution</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">ex_iris <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(iris, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> Sepal.Length, y <span class="o">=</span> Petal.Length, color <span class="o">=</span> Species,</span>
<span class="cl">                            text <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">paste0</span>(<span class="s">&quot;&lt;b&gt;&quot;</span>, Species, <span class="s">&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&quot;</span>,</span>
<span class="cl">                                          <span class="s">&quot;&lt;br&gt;Petal Length: &quot;</span>, Petal.Length))) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>()</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(ex_iris, tooltip <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;text&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Hover shows: Species name (bold) and Petal Length</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>

<p><strong>Explanation:</strong> Mapping <code>text</code> in <code>aes()</code> and passing <code>tooltip = &quot;text&quot;</code> to <code>ggplotly()</code> replaces the default tooltip with your custom label.</p>

</details>
</section>

<h2>How Do You Style the Tooltip Box Itself?</h2>

<p>Controlling <em>what</em> appears in the tooltip is half the story. The other half is <em>how</em> it looks. The <code>layout()</code> function controls the tooltip's background colour, font, and border. You chain it after <code>ggplotly()</code> using the pipe or the plotly-style <code>%&gt;%</code>.</p>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Style the hover label box">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Style the hover label box</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">p5 <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> displ, y <span class="o">=</span> hwy, color <span class="o">=</span> class)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>(size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(p5) <span class="o">|&gt;</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">layout</span>(hoverlabel <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">list</span>(</span>
<span class="cl">    bgcolor <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;white&quot;</span>,</span>
<span class="cl">    font <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">list</span>(family <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Arial&quot;</span>, size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">13</span>, color <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;black&quot;</span>),</span>
<span class="cl">    bordercolor <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;gray&quot;</span></span>
<span class="cl">  ))</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Tooltip now has a white background, Arial font at 13px, gray border</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
  <div class="webr-plot-output"></div>
</div>

<p>The <code>hoverlabel</code> argument accepts <code>bgcolor</code>, <code>font</code> (with <code>family</code>, <code>size</code>, <code>color</code>), and <code>bordercolor</code>. These apply globally to every trace in the chart.</p>

<p><img src="screenshots/Combining-ggplot2-with-plotly-tooltip-layers.webp" alt="Four layers of tooltip customisation" class="img-responsive img-zoomable" loading="lazy" width="2248" height="268" /></p>

<p><em>Figure 2: Four layers of tooltip customisation, from basic text aesthetic to trace-level styling.</em></p>

<p>For charts with multiple traces, like a line chart with several groups, the default "closest" hover mode shows the tooltip for whichever point is nearest to the cursor. That works for scatter plots, but for <a class="auto-link" href="Time-Series-Analysis-With-R.html" title="Time Series Analysis with R">time series</a> you often want to compare all y-values at the same x.</p>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Unified x axis hover mode">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Unified x axis hover mode</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">economics_long <span class="o">&lt;-</span> tidyr<span class="o">::</span><span class="nf">pivot_longer</span>(economics, cols <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">c</span>(unemploy, pop),</span>
<span class="cl">                                       names_to <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;metric&quot;</span>, values_to <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;value&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl">p6 <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(economics_long, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> date, y <span class="o">=</span> value, color <span class="o">=</span> metric)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_line</span>() <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">labs</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Date&quot;</span>, y <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;Value&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(p6) <span class="o">|&gt;</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">layout</span>(hovermode <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;x unified&quot;</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; One tooltip appears per x-position showing both unemploy and pop values</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1">#&gt; Makes it easy to compare the two metrics at any date</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
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<div class="callout callout-insight"><div class="callout-label">Key Insight</div><div class="callout-body"><strong>"x unified" hover mode is the single biggest readability upgrade for multi-line charts.</strong> Instead of chasing individual points, readers see all values at the same x in one tooltip. Set <code>hovermode = &quot;x unified&quot;</code> for any chart with two or more overlapping traces.</div></div>

<section class="tryit-block">
<p><strong>Try it:</strong> Take the scatter plot from the first section (engine size vs highway MPG) and style the tooltip with a light yellow background (<code>&quot;#FFFFF0&quot;</code>) and a font size of 14.</p>
<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Exercise: style hover label">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Exercise: style hover label</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># Try it: style the tooltip box</span></span>
<span class="cl">ex_style <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> displ, y <span class="o">=</span> hwy, color <span class="o">=</span> class)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>(size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1"># Add layout(hoverlabel = ...) to ggplotly():</span></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="c1"># your code here</span></span></div>
    <div class="webr-buttons">
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run</button>
      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-default webr-reset-btn" onclick="resetWebR(this)">&#8634; Reset</button>
    </div>
    <pre class="webr-output"></pre>
  </div>
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<details>
<summary>Click to reveal solution</summary>

<div class="webr-container" data-block-title="Exercise solution">
  <div class="webr-code-block">
    <div class="webr-header"><div class="webr-header-left"><span class="webr-header-badge">R</span><span class="webr-header-label">Exercise solution</span></div><div class="webr-header-right"><button type="button" class="webr-copy-btn" aria-label="Copy code" title="Copy code"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" aria-hidden="true"><rect x="9" y="9" width="13" height="13" rx="2" ry="2"/><path d="M5 15H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1"/></svg></button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary webr-run-btn" onclick="runWebR(this)">&#9654; Run <span class="webr-run-shortcut">Ctrl+Enter</span></button></div></div>
    <div class="webr-editor" data-language="r"><span class="cl">ex_style <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nf">ggplot</span>(mpg, <span class="nf">aes</span>(x <span class="o">=</span> displ, y <span class="o">=</span> hwy, color <span class="o">=</span> class)) <span class="o">+</span></span>
<span class="cl">  <span class="nf">geom_point</span>(size <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2</span>)</span>
<span class="cl"></span>
<span class="cl"><span class="nf">ggplotly</span>(ex_style) <span class="o">|&gt;</span></span>