ci: enhance extensions test workflow #3795

Job	Run time
Build libsql (shared)	2m 24s
Cross-platform build checks (windows-latest)	6m 18s
Cross-platform build checks (macos-latest)	1m 26s
CR SQLite Rust Tests	50s
Extensions Tests	2m 9s
CR SQLite C Tests	1m 32s
	14m 39s

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