[weiznich]

This change improves the check for using c23 support from the underlying C compiler to also work with clang-cl and older cmake versions. It turns out that this is only supported for clang-cl starting with cmake version 4.1. See https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/work_items/27038 for the relevant cmake report.

• AI (Copilot or something similar) supported my development of this PR. See our policy about AI tool use. Use of AI tools must be indicated.
• Closes #xxxx
• Tests added
• Added clear title that can be used to generate release notes
• Fully documented, including updating docs/source/*.rst for new API

I used an LLM to track down the issue, the change itself was written by myself and also verified by me