Add TOROW and TOCOL functions (HF-388, HF-387)

[Tobiadefami]

Context

This PR adds the TOROW and TOCOL dynamic-array functions (HF-388, HF-387). TOROW(array, [ignore], [scan_by_column]) returns an array as one row and TOCOL(array, [ignore], [scan_by_column]) as one column, read by row unless scan_by_column is TRUE.

Important

Stacked on #1796 (DROP), which is stacked on #1722 (TAKE). TOROW and TOCOL reuse the count parser and the whole-column size helper that those PRs introduce, so this branch is based on feature/hf-384-drop. Until both merge, this diff also shows their commits. The TOROW and TOCOL change is the last commit, feat: add TOROW and TOCOL functions (HF-388, HF-387), plus a changelog link commit. Once #1722 and #1796 merge, this branch will be rebased onto develop and only those commits will remain.

Behavior, checked against Microsoft Excel Online (en-US):

• ignore 0 keeps every element, 1 skips blank cells, 2 skips errors (every error type), 3 skips both. It is truncated toward zero; other values return #VALUE!. An empty-text cell is text, so it is kept.
• ignore accepts numbers, numeric text, TRUE/FALSE and a blank cell; "" and other text return #VALUE!. scan_by_column accepts numbers, booleans and the text "TRUE"/"FALSE"; "", numeric text and other text return #VALUE!.
• Blank source cells stay blank elements of the result (ISBLANK is TRUE).
• When every element is skipped, the result is #N/A with the message "Empty array not allowed.". Excel returns #CALC!, which HyperFormula does not have.
• Errors are checked in this order: the array, ignore, scan_by_column, then the range of ignore. An empty array argument returns #VALUE!.
• Scalars, inline arrays, ranges and computed arrays are accepted as sources. The result is a value, not a reference, as in Excel.

Implementation

• TOROW and TOCOL live in ArrayPlugin, after DROP, as one implementation with the result's orientation as a parameter.
• Spill-size prediction: with ignore 0 the size is exact. With ignore 1-3, or an ignore that is not a literal, the result's length depends on the data, so the source's size is reserved and the cells after the result are blank, as for FILTER and UNIQUE.
• Whole-column and whole-row sources use the source sheet's effective size, as TAKE and DROP do. A whole column on the formula's own sheet, or one computed by a formula, spills from the first row only; elsewhere it returns #SPILL!. This keeps the reserved space from making its own source taller each time the formula is entered.
• An array in ignore or scan_by_column uses its first value. Excel returns one result per element.
• The function metadata catalogue entries, the changelog, a TOROW and TOCOL functions section in known-limitations.md, and rows in list-of-differences.md are included. The Google Sheets column of the new rows is still being filled in.
• Localized names were read from Excel Online in every locale by switching the session language and reading the formula bar. Indonesian keeps the English names, because Excel Online shows English function names in that locale.

How did you test your changes?

• Tests PR: handsontable/hyperformula-tests#96. It adds 144 TOROW and 140 TOCOL tests, generated from 135 cases per function measured in Microsoft Excel Online (en-US) on the same data, plus spill-placement tests for whole-column and whole-row sources.
• Full Jest suite: 506/506 suites, 6,690 tests passed, 3 skipped. The existing TAKE and DROP tests pass unchanged.
• Breaking the code on purpose made the tests fail, for example: treating empty text as blank under ignore failed 20 tests, and not skipping errors with ignore 3 failed 8.
• npm run compile and npm run docs:generate-function-docs pass, and lint reports no errors.

Types of changes

• Breaking change (a fix or a feature because of which an existing functionality doesn't work as expected anymore)
• New feature or improvement (a non-breaking change that adds functionality)
• Bug fix (a non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
• Additional language file, or a change to an existing language file (translations)
• Change to the documentation

Related issues:

1. Depends on Add DROP function (HF-384) #1796 (DROP) and Feature/take function #1722 (TAKE).
2. Tests: handsontable/hyperformula-tests#96

Checklist:

• I have reviewed the guidelines about Contributing to HyperFormula and I confirm that my code follows the code style of this project.
• I have signed the Contributor License Agreement.
• My change is compliant with the OpenDocument standard.
• My change is compatible with Microsoft Excel, subject to the documented differences.
• My change is compatible with Google Sheets.
• I described my changes in the CHANGELOG.md file.
• My changes require a documentation update.
• My changes require a migration guide.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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@Tobiadefami thanks for the pull request. No CLA step needed here — our records show you signed the Contributor License Agreement on 2026-07-31. That signature came from our previous signing form and has been carried over, so there is nothing for you to re-sign.

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Status	Name	Latest Commit	Preview URL	Updated (UTC)
✅ Deployment successful! View logs	hyperformula-docs	89ce2a7	Commit Preview URL Branch Preview URL	Oct 15 2026, 11:12 PM

[github-actions]

Performance comparison of head (dbfb538) vs base (e7e4aae)

                                     testName |    base |    head |  change
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Sheet A |  447.97 |  503.14 | +12.32%
                                      Sheet B |  146.82 |  166.82 | +13.62%
                                      Sheet T |  125.76 |     151 | +20.07%
                                Column ranges |  450.72 |  528.43 | +17.24%
                                Sorted lookup | 13478.5 | 15281.2 | +13.37%
Sheet A:  change value, add/remove row/column |   17.26 |   16.41 |  -4.92%
 Sheet B: change value, add/remove row/column |  166.18 |  152.62 |  -8.16%
                   Column ranges - add column |  169.06 |  168.43 |  -0.37%
                Column ranges - without batch |  522.84 |  513.22 |  -1.84%
                        Column ranges - batch |  130.23 |  130.68 |  +0.35%