Config inner sdk logger

[vivek378521]

Description

Add a way to configure the InstrumentationScope used by the SDK logger created internally by LoggingHandler.

LoggingHandler previously always created its inner logger with __name__, an empty version, and an empty schema URL. This change allows callers to provide an explicit instrumentation scope while preserving compatibility with existing logger providers.

Fixes #4060

Type of change

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Added unit coverage for LoggerProvider.get_logger with an explicit instrumentation scope.
• Added unit coverage for LoggingHandler to verify exported LogData uses the provided instrumentation scope.
• Added API proxy compatibility coverage for old-style logger providers that do not accept the new argument.

Reproduced with:

.tox/py312-test-opentelemetry-api/bin/pytest opentelemetry-api/tests/logs/test_proxy.py -q
.tox/py312-test-opentelemetry-sdk/bin/pytest opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_logs.py opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_export.py -q
git diff --check

Does This PR Require a Contrib Repo Change?

• No.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Changelogs have been updated
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated