Arm backend: Fix crash in FuseDuplicateUsers

backends/arm/_passes/fuse_duplicate_users_pass.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ def call(self, graph_module: GraphModule) -> PassResult:
         graph = graph_module.graph
         modified = False
 
+        node_order = {node: index for index, node in enumerate(graph.nodes)}
         producers: Deque[Node] = deque(node for node in graph.nodes)
 
         while producers:
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ def call(self, graph_module: GraphModule) -> PassResult:
             if len(user_nodes) < 2:
                 continue
 
-            candidate_groups = self._get_candidate_groups(user_nodes)
+            candidate_groups = self._get_candidate_groups(node_order, user_nodes)
 
             signature_to_user: Dict[Tuple[Hashable, ...], Node] = {}
             for group in candidate_groups:
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ def call(self, graph_module: GraphModule) -> PassResult:
 
         return PassResult(graph_module, modified)
 
-    def _get_candidate_groups(self, user_nodes):
+    def _get_candidate_groups(self, node_order, user_nodes):
         users_by_target: Dict[Tuple[str, Hashable], List[Node]] = {}
         for user in user_nodes:
             if user.graph is None:
@@ -98,9 +99,12 @@ def _get_candidate_groups(self, user_nodes):
             target_signature = (user.op, target_key)
             users_by_target.setdefault(target_signature, []).append(user)
 
-        candidate_groups = [
-            group for group in users_by_target.values() if len(group) > 1
-        ]
+        candidate_groups = []
+        for group in users_by_target.values():
+            if len(group) > 1:
+                candidate_groups.append(
+                    sorted(group, key=lambda node: node_order[node])
+                )
 
         return candidate_groups
 

backends/arm/test/passes/test_fuse_duplicate_users_pass.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2025 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates.
+# Copyright 2025-2026 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates.
 #
 # This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
 # LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 from executorch.backends.arm._passes import FuseDuplicateUsersPass
 from executorch.backends.arm.test import common
 from executorch.backends.arm.test.tester.test_pipeline import PassPipeline
+from torch.fx import Graph, GraphModule
 
 input_t = Tuple[torch.Tensor]  # Input x
 
@@ -55,6 +56,42 @@ def forward(self, x):
 }
 
 
+def _set_val(node, val):
+    node.meta["val"] = val
+    return node
+
+
+def _graph_with_users_not_in_node_order() -> GraphModule:
+    graph = Graph()
+    x = _set_val(graph.placeholder("x"), torch.ones(1))
+    y = _set_val(graph.placeholder("y"), torch.ones(1))
+
+    later_duplicate = _set_val(
+        graph.call_function(torch.ops.aten.add.Tensor, (x, y)), torch.ones(1)
+    )
+    with graph.inserting_before(later_duplicate):
+        earlier_duplicate = _set_val(
+            graph.call_function(torch.ops.aten.add.Tensor, (x, y)), torch.ones(1)
+        )
+        consumer = _set_val(
+            graph.call_function(torch.ops.aten.neg.default, (earlier_duplicate,)),
+            torch.ones(1),
+        )
+
+    output = graph.output(consumer)
+    output.meta["val"] = torch.ones(1)
+    graph.lint()
+    return GraphModule(torch.nn.Module(), graph)
+
+
+def _add_node_names(graph_module):
+    return [
+        node.name
+        for node in graph_module.graph.nodes
+        if node.target == torch.ops.aten.add.Tensor
+    ]
+
+
 @common.parametrize("module", modules)
 def test_fuse_duplicate_users_tosa_FP(module: ModuleWithOps):
     pipeline = PassPipeline[input_t](
@@ -68,3 +105,14 @@ def test_fuse_duplicate_users_tosa_FP(module: ModuleWithOps):
         ],
     )
     pipeline.run()
+
+
+def test_fuse_duplicate_users_preserves_graph_order_for_representative():
+    graph_module = _graph_with_users_not_in_node_order()
+    assert _add_node_names(graph_module) == ["add_tensor_1", "add_tensor"]
+
+    result = FuseDuplicateUsersPass()(graph_module)
+
+    result.graph_module.graph.lint()
+    assert result.modified
+    assert len(_add_node_names(result.graph_module)) == 1