Chore(deps-dev): Update polars requirement from <1.37 to <1.43

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Updates the requirements on polars to permit the latest version.

Release notes

Sourced from polars's releases.

Python Polars 1.42.0

⚠️ Deprecations

• Deprecate casts from string to temporal dtypes (#28056)

🚀 Performance improvements

• Add bytes-based concurrency control for cloud IO (#27924)
• Stop flushing multiplexer on phase change (#28013)
• Prevent empty chunks from triggering copy in rechunk (#27953)
• Improve performance of struct unnest inside list eval on streaming (#27905)
• Eliminate filters with contradictory predicates (#27775)

✨ Enhancements

• Deprecate casts from string to temporal dtypes (#28056)
• Add naive out-of-core spilling to Polars (#27998)
• Add experimental strict mode (#28023)
• Optimize non-negative len and null_count comparisons (#28002)
• Optimize len and null_count comparisons (#27727)
• Support SQL's implicit JOIN syntax (#27890)
• Add Expr.is_sorted (#26708)
• Add suggestions in wrong api usage or mismatched column names (#27954)
• Add external object_store support for non-native schemes (#27871)
• Skip Delta files and parquet row groups using per-field struct statistics (#27887)
• Improve IR sortedness detection for with_row_index and explode (#27875)
• Add DataFrame.is_sorted() (#27870)
• Expose fixed-size rolling window expressions in Python visitor (#27108)
• Fix SchemaError using lazy HConcat->Sink (#27770)
• Add tiered multi-file parquet metadata resolver (#27720)
• Cache and shuffle DNS for cloud object_store (#27659)

🐞 Bug fixes

• Add a deprecation warning for .explode() without empty_as_null argument (#28040)
• Fix select(len()) incorrectly returned 0 when using scan_iceberg with pyiceberg as reader override (#28044)
• Ensure slice expr always observes input order (#28041)
• Fix projection pushdown with row index out of order (#28043)
• Fix cross-join predicates not applied when using sink_* functions (#28042)
• Grammar corrections (recommend to → recommend, allows to → allows using) (#28038)
• Ensure optimisations aren't omitted by cached IR nodes (#28004)
• Computed GROUP keys in SQL projections (#27989)
• Handle empty DataFrames in dt.truncate and dt.round (#26120)
• Address join alias state leakage in SQL CTEs (#27985)
• Support scanning file:// URIs with percent-encoded paths (#27876)
• Lower SQL [NOT] IN (subquery) to semi/anti join (#27888)
• Check for continuity across morsels in AsOf join node (#27461)
• Add test for projection pushdown with hconcat regression (#27937)
• Traverse caches only once in explain (#27939)
• Preserve null placement when collapsing sort.reverse() into single sort (#27918)

... (truncated)

Commits

• 5e9cf5c feat(rust): Expose IRFunctionExpr::Fused in the python node visitor (#27889)
• a65aa6e chore: Add AI agent disclsoure (#28064)
• b5dcfb4 Python Polars 1.42.0 (#28046)
• d60ecb0 depr: Deprecate casts from string to temporal dtypes (#28056)
• bdf2e55 fix(rust): Fix qcut panic and incorrect bins on NaN input (#28020)
• a5fc297 fix(rust): Remove TrustedLen from Scan (#28055)
• 0b85847 fix: Add a deprecation warning for .exclude() without empty_as_null argum...
• 78c2b03 perf: Add bytes-based concurrency control for cloud IO (#27924)
• ca50072 fix: Fix select(len()) incorrectly returned 0 when using scan_iceberg wit...
• c68d105 fix: Ensure slice expr always observes input order (#28041)
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

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[amotl]

@dependabot rebase

[amotl]

@dependabot rebase

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 97.56%. Comparing base (af47597) to head (15c3793).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #149   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   97.56%   97.56%           
=======================================
  Files           3        3           
  Lines          41       41           
=======================================
  Hits           40       40           
  Misses          1        1           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	97.56% <ø> (ø)

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