CI: Address occasional ccache install hangs

[padelsbach]

Description

Description

CI can hang until the job timeout when the apt mirror stalls.

• add ccache to ubuntu-22.04-minimal (matches 24.04) and install it from the
  bundle rather than apt
• bound the apt fallback in install-apt-deps with per-command timeouts and a
  retry count -- affects all 51 workflows using it
• fips-dev-no-post opts out (ghcr-debs-tag: none): it pulls the linuxkm
  bundle, so -minimal would be a second, larger download just for ccache

After merge, run ci-deps-image via workflow_dispatch to republish the 22.04
bundle; until then aesgcm-siv and multi-arch fall back to apt (no breakage).

Testing

CI run

Checklist

• added tests
• updated/added doxygen
• updated appropriate READMEs
• Updated manual and documentation

[github-actions]

retest this please

[github-actions]

MemBrowse Memory Report

linuxkm-standard

• Data: __patchable_function_entries +8 B (+0.0%, 49,496 B)
  No memory changes detected for:
• gcc-arm-cortex-m0plus
• gcc-arm-cortex-m3
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-baremetal
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-crypto-only
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-dtls13
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-min-ecc
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-openssl-compat
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-pkcs7
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-pq
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-rsa-only
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-sp-math
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-tls12
• gcc-arm-cortex-m4-tls13
• gcc-arm-cortex-m7
• gcc-arm-cortex-m7-pq
• gcc-arm-cortex-m7-tls13
• linuxkm-pie
• stm32-sim-stm32h753

[padelsbach]

jenkins retest this please

[wolfSSL-Fenrir-bot]

Fenrir Automated Review — PR #11227

No scan targets match the changed files in this PR. Review skipped.